On the stability of Poiseuille pipe flow

Numerical analysis of Poiseuille pipe flow stability using Reynolds numbe

Simulated propeller slipstream effects on a supercritical wing

To quantify the installed performance of high speed (M = 0.8) turboprop propulsion systems, an experimental program designed to assess the magnitude of the aerodynamic interference of a propeller slipstream on a supercritical wing has been conducted. The test was conducted in the NASA Ames 14-foot wind tunnel. An ejector-nacelle propeller slipstream simulator was used to produce a slipstream with characteristics typical of advanced propellers presently being investigated. A supercritical wing-body configuration was used to evaluate the interference effects. A traversing total pressure rake was used to make flow field measurements behind the wing and to calibrate the slipstream simulator. The force results indicated that the interference drag amounted to an increase of ten counts or about 3% of the wing-body drag for a two engine configuration at the nominal propeller operating conditions. However, at the higher swirl angles (11 deg vs. 7 deg nominally) the interference drag was favorable by about the same magnitude

Impact reactivity of materials at very high oxygen pressure

The requirements for impact testing of materials in an oxygen atmosphere at pressures from 82.7 MPa (12,000 psi) to 172 MPa (25,000 psi) were evaluated. The impact tester system was evaluated for potential pressure increases from 69 MPa (10,000 psi) to 82.7 MPa (12,000 psi). The low pressure oxygen and nitrogen systems, the impact tower, the impact test cell, and the high pressure oxygen system were evaluated individually. Although the structural integrity of the impact test cell and the compressor were sufficient for operation at 82.7 MPa (12,000 psi), studies revealed possible material incompatibility at that pressure and above. It was recommended that if a component should be replaced for 82.7 MPa (12,000 psi) operation the replacement should meet the final objectives of 172 MPa (25,000 psi). Recommended changes in the system include; use of Monel 400 for pressures above 82.7 MPa (12,000 psi), use of bellows to replace the seal in the impact tester, use of a sapphire window attached to a fiber optic for event sensing, and use of a three diaphragm compressor

Playing with nonuniform grids

Numerical experiments with discretization methods on nonuniform grids are presented for the convection-diffusion equation. These show that the accuracy of the discrete solution is not very well predicted by the local truncation error. The diagonal entries in the discrete coefficient matrix give a better clue: the convective term should not reduce the diagonal. Also, iterative solution of the discrete set of equations is discussed. The same criterion appears to be favourable.

Scope of Examination for Appointment in the Judge Advocate General\u27s Officers\u27 Reserve Corps

A typed copy of an outline for an examination of applicants who wish to join the Reserve Corps by Enoch H. Crowder. Crowder explains the department\u27s expectations for applicants during an emergency.https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/fmhw_firstworldwar_documents/1015/thumbnail.jp

Arctic and subarctic environmental analyses utilizing ERTS-1 imagery

The author has identified the following significant results. ERTS-1 imagery provides a means of distinguishing and monitoring estuarine surface water circulation patterns and changes in the relative sediment load of discharging rivers on a regional basis. Physical boundaries mapped from ERTS-1 imagery in combination with ground truth obtained from existing small scale maps and other sources resulted in improved and more detailed maps of permafrost terrain and vegetation for the same area. Snowpack cover within a research watershed has been analyzed and compared to ground data. Large river icings along the proposed Alaska pipeline route from Prudhoe Bay to the Brooks Range have been monitored. Sea ice deformation and drift northeast of Point Barrow, Alaska have been measured during a four day period in March and shore-fast ice accumulation and ablation along the west coast of Alaska have been mapped for the spring and early summer seasons

Plant evolution can mediate negative effects from honey bees on wild pollinators

Pollinators are introduced to agroecosystems to provide pollination services. Introductions of managed pollinators often promote ecosystem services, but it remains largely unknown whether they also affect evolutionary mutualisms between wild pollinators and plants. Here, we developed a model to assess effects of managed honey bees on mutualisms between plants and wild pollinators. Our model tracked how interactions among wild pollinators and honey bees affected pollinator and plant populations. We show that when managed honey bees have a competitive advantage over wild pollinators, or a greater carrying capacity, the honey bees displace the wild pollinator. This leads to reduced plant density because plants benefit less by visits from honey bees than wild pollinators that coevolved with the plants. As wild pollinators are displaced, plants evolve by increasing investment in traits that are attractive for honey bees but not wild pollinators. This evolutionary switch promotes wild pollinator displacement. However, higher mutualism investment costs by the plant to the honey bee can promote pollinator coexistence. Our results show plant evolution can promote displacement of wild pollinators by managed honey bees, while limited plant evolution may lead to pollinator coexistence. More broadly, effects of honey bees on wild pollinators in agroecosystems, and effects on ecosystem services, may depend on the capacity of plant populations to evolve

EMS Stretcher “Misadventures” in a Large, Urban EMS System: A Descriptive Analysis of Contributing Factors and Resultant Injuries

Purpose. There is a paucity of data regarding EMS stretcher-operation-related injuries. This study describes and analyzes characteristics associated with undesirable stretcher operations, with or without resultant injury in a large, urban EMS agency. Methods. In the study agency, all stretcher-related “misadventures” are required to be documented, regardless of whether injury results. All stretcher-related reports between July 1, 2009 and June 30, 2010 were queried in retrospective analysis, avoiding Hawthorne effect in stretcher operations. Results. During the year studied, 129,110 patients were transported. 23 stretcher incidents were reported (0.16 per 1,000 transports). No patient injury occurred. Four EMS providers sustained minor injuries. Among contributing aspects, the most common involved operations surrounding the stretcher-ambulance safety latch, 14/23 (60.9%). From a personnel injury prevention perspective, there exists a significant relationship between combative patients and crew injury related to stretcher operation, Fisher's exact test 0.048. Conclusions. In this large, urban EMS system, the incidence of injury related to stretcher operations in the one-year study period is markedly low, with few personnel injuries and no patient injuries incurred. Safety for EMS personnel and patients could be advanced by educational initiatives that highlight specific events and conditions contributing to stretcher-related adverse events